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Root-knot nematodes cause significant damage; adopt a multi-pronged approach to control them.

Release Date:

2021-05-31

Root-knot nematodes are a group of nematodes characterized by sexual dimorphism and a long, worm-like body shape. They are parasitic and can survive for 1–3 years in the absence of a host. They primarily infest the underground roots of various vegetable crops; in the early stages of infection, symptoms are often subtle, but once they become apparent, they can result in substantial yield losses. Therefore, gaining an understanding of the damage caused by root-knot nematodes, their life history, and implementing targeted preventive measures in advance can help mitigate losses.
1. Hazardous Process
Nematodes exhibit catalytic activity, and plant roots can secrete certain elicitors that attract second-stage juveniles toward the root tip. The nematodes penetrate the host root and establish feeding sites adjacent to the vascular bundles. After undergoing three molts, they develop into females, which remain immobilized within the root to feed. A giant cell forms around the head region, which is the origin of gall formation on the root system. Nematodes are scarcely active when soil temperatures exceed 40°C or fall below 10°C; their lethal temperature is 55°C for 10 minutes.
2. Lifestyle
The exudates of plant roots strongly attract root-knot nematodes; consequently, these nematodes are predominantly found in the rhizosphere of cultivated plants, with their highest densities occurring in the 10–30 cm soil layer. They thrive under conditions of 25–30°C temperature, 40%–70% relative soil moisture, and a soil pH of 5–8, and are more prevalent in sandy soils and on continuously cropped fields.
3. Prevention and Control Measures
1. Chemical control. Avermectin (short residual activity), thiazophos (residual activity of 2 months), and fluopyram (residual activity of 3–4 months).
2. Microbial inoculant. Contains Verticillium lecanii, Paecilomyces lilacinus, Bacillus subtilis, actinomycetes, and other strains—agricultural products such as Xianxian Minggenbao and the Third Line of Defense.
3. Root system maintenance. Root-promoting products: fulvic acid soluble powder, “Gui Gen Dao Di” liquid fertilizer, and others.

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