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[Humic Acid Special] A Brief Analysis of the Structure, Functions, and Effects of Humic Acid


Release Date:

2018-03-13

1. Structural humic acids are a class of natural organic weak acids, composed of three fractions: fulvic acid, humic acid, and brown humic acid. 2. Elemental composition: Coal-derived humic acids share similar structures and properties with humic acids found in soil organic matter. The primary elements of humic acids are carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, with minor amounts of nitrogen and sulfur; they also contain various functional groups. 3. Functions of humic acids: Humic acids constitute the most active and effective fraction of organic matter. (1) Direct effects: They promote plant growth and increase crop yields. (2) Indirect effects: ① Physical effects: A) Improve soil structure; B) Prevent soil cracking and erosion; C) Enhance soil water-holding capacity,

 

1. Structure

Humic acid is a class of natural organic weak acids, composed of three fractions: fulvic acid, humic acid, and brown humic acid.

2. Elemental Composition

Coal-derived humic acid shares similar structure and properties with humic acid found in soil organic matter. Its major elements include carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, with minor amounts of nitrogen and sulfur, along with a variety of functional groups.

3. The Functions of Humic Acid

Humic acid is the most active and effective component of organic matter.

(1) Direct effects of humic acid: promotes plant growth and increases crop yields.

(2) Indirect effect

① Physical action

A. Improve soil structure;

B. Prevent and control soil cracking and erosion;

C. Increase soil water-holding capacity and enhance cold resistance;

D. It darkens the soil color, thereby enhancing the absorption of solar energy.

② Chemical action

A. Adjust soil pH;

B. Improve and optimize plant absorption of nutrients and water;

C. Enhance the soil’s buffering capacity;

D. Under alkaline conditions, it acts as a natural chelating agent (chelating metal ions and facilitating their uptake by plants);

E. Rich in organic matter and minerals essential for plant growth;

F. Enhance the solubility of organic fertilizers and reduce fertilizer loss;

G. Converts nutrient elements into forms that are readily absorbed by plants;

H. It can enhance plants’ uptake of nitrogen, reduce the fixation of phosphorus, immobilize nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in the soil, and facilitate their retention in the soil, while also accelerating the transport of nutrients into plant tissues, thereby improving the efficacy of inorganic fertilizers.

③ Biological effects

A. Stimulates the growth and reproduction of beneficial microorganisms in the soil;

B. Enhance plants’ natural resistance to diseases and pests.

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